![]() ![]() ![]() Throughout the 1950s, particularly in the years following the Korean War, a number of aircraft companies in both Europe and America separately decided to investigate the prospective capabilities and viability of vertical take-off and landing (VTOL) aircraft, which would eliminate the requirement for vulnerable runways by taking off and landing vertically as opposed to the conventional horizontal approach. In the long term, several operators have announced their intention to supplement or replace their Harrier fleets with the STOVL variant of the F-35 Lightning II, designated as the F-35B. By the start of the 21st century, the majority of the first generation Harriers had been withdrawn, many operators having chosen to procure the second generation as a replacement. During the 1980s, a second generation Harrier emerged, manufactured in the United States as the AV-8B and in Britain as the British Aerospace Harrier II respectively. The Sea Harrier is a naval strike/air defence fighter derived from the Hawker Siddeley Harrier it was operated by both the Royal Navy and the Indian Navy. The Hawker Siddeley Harrier is the first generation-version and is also known as the AV-8A or AV-8C Harrier it was used by multiple air forces, including the Royal Air Force (RAF) and the United States Marine Corps (USMC). There are two generations and four main variants of the Harrier family, developed by both UK and US manufacturers: Later, the design was adapted for use from aircraft carriers. It was conceived to operate from improvised bases, such as car parks or forest clearings, without requiring large and vulnerable air bases. The Harrier emerged as the only truly successful V/STOL design of the many attempted during that era. Named after a bird of prey, it was originally developed by British manufacturer Hawker Siddeley in the 1960s. The Harrier, informally referred to as the Harrier jump jet, is a family of jet-powered attack aircraft capable of vertical/short takeoff and landing operations (V/STOL). ![]()
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